Fig. 1

Patient tree of the 86 patients: 43 patients were assigned to each of the MIE and RAMIE groups. MIE: minimally invasive esophagectomy, RAMIE: robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy
Patient tree of the 86 patients: 43 patients were assigned to each of the MIE and RAMIE groups. MIE: minimally invasive esophagectomy, RAMIE: robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy