Table 2 The role of RNA and histone methylation in TC

M6A

IGF2BP2 and YTHDF1

Thirty pairs of thyroid cancer tissue samples (including PTC, FTC, ATC, and MTC) and adjacent normal thyroid tissues

Prognostic factors

[78, 79]

M6A

YTHDF3

Thirty pairs of thyroid cancer tissue samples (including PTC, FTC, ATC, and MTC) and adjacent normal thyroid tissues

Prognostic biomarker

[78]

M6A

NF-κB

Mouse xenograft models and tumor tissues from PTC patients

METTL3-related modification inhibits tumor progression

[80]

M6A

STEAP2

Mouse xenograft models

METTL3-related modification promoting proliferation and invasion of PTC cells

[81]

M6A

IGF2BP2

Tissue samples from PTC patients

Stabilizing DPP4 mRNA, enhancing proliferation and invasion of PTC cells

[82]

M6A

IGF2BP2

radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid cancer (RR-PTC) cell lines, specifically K1 and TPC1, and Tissue samples from RR-PTC patients

Stabilizing RUNX2 mRNA, inhibiting NIS expression, and hindering differentiation [83]

[83]

M6A

LINC01125

Human PTC cell lines, specifically TPC-1 and IHH-4, and tumor tissues from patients with PTC

METTL3-related modification enhancing invasion, migration, and proliferation of TC cells

[84]

M6A

LINC00894

Human PTC cell lines, including KTC-1 and BCPAP and tumor tissues from patients with TC

METTL3-related modification involved in the malignant phenotype of PTC

[85]

m5C

NSUN2

Human ATC cell lines, mouse xenograft models, and tumor tissue samples from patients with ATC

Promoting proliferation, invasion, and migration of ATC cells

[86]

M7G

DOCK9-DT, DPP4-DT, TMEM105, SMG7-AS1 and HMGA2-AS1

Transcriptome expression data from TCGA database, 567 samples were collected, including 509 THCA tissue samples and 58 normal paracancer tissue samples.

Prognostic model

[87]

Histone methylation

H3K4me3

Tumor tissues from patients with different subtypes of TC

Linked with lymphatic vessel invasion

[88]