Fig. 3

Perioperative dexmedetomidine limited the growth of cultured tumor cells by alleviating the stress response. (A)Time schedule for serum collection on day 0 after surgery, beta-receptor blocker propranolol treatment (Pro), IL-6 antibody tocilizumab (TCZ), IL-6 antibody isotype control antibody IgG treatment, cell viability assay, and wound-healing assay. (B) Cell viability assay of day 0 serum-treated ID8 cells. (C) Representative images and quantification of wound-healing assay for ID8 cells treated with day 0 serum. (D) Western blot and corresponding quantification of tumor suppressor p53 and migration-related protein vimentin for cultured ID8 cells with or without propranolol treatment (Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1A). (E) Western blot and corresponding quantification of tumor suppressor p53 and migration-related protein vimentin for cultured ID8 cells with or without tocilizumab treatment(Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1B). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group for CCK8 assay and n = 3 per group for wound healing assay and WB); *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001, ****P < 0·0001; one- way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for comparison. Con, normal control group; SS, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SS group on day 0 after surgery; SSS, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SSS group on day 0 after surgery; SSS + Pro, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SSS group on day 0 after surgery and 1 µM propranolol; SSS + TCZ, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SSS group on day 0 after surgery and 200 µg ml^− 1 tocilizumab; SSS + IgG, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SSS group on day 0 after surgery and 200 µg ml^− 1 IgG; SSD-20, ID8 cells treated with 10% serum from SSD-20 group on day 0 after surgery