Evaluation of the details and importance of lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion in patients with non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms based on tumor size and the 2022 World Health Organization classification: a 23-year retrospective analysis

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for recurrence-free survival in all patients

			Univariate
Prognostic factors	Definition	n	5-year RFS	P value
Symptom	Without	78	92.9	0.97
Symptom	With	2	100	0.97
Tumor location	Head	31	96.7	0.47
Tumor location	Body or Tail	49	90.6	0.47
Surgical procedure	Limited	40	100	0.076
Surgical procedure	Major	40	85.6	0.076
Postoperative complications	≤ II	54	92.0	0.30
Postoperative complications	≥ III	26	95.5	0.30
WHO 2022 classification	NET G1	60	98.3	< 0.001
WHO 2022 classification	NET G2	20	76.7	< 0.001
Tumor size (mm)	< 20	59	96.4	0.030
Tumor size (mm)	≥ 20	21	82.9	0.030
Local invasion	T1	58	96.4	0.038
Local invasion	T2-3	22	83.8	0.038
Lymph node metastasis	Absence	76	95.5	0.0012
Lymph node metastasis	Presence	4	50.0	0.0012
Lymphatic invasion	Absence	66	95.0	0.21
Lymphatic invasion	Presence	14	83.3	0.21
Microvascular invasion	Absence	60	98.1	0.0079
Microvascular invasion	Presence	20	79.2	0.0079
Perineural invasion	Absence	69	93.7	0.74
Perineural invasion	Presence	11	88.9	0.74

Abbreviations: RFS Recurrence-free survival, WHO World Health Organization, NET Neuroendocrine tumor

ISSN: 1477-7819