Table 2 Comparisons of patients’ clinical factors between patients with PPI and without PPI
Variables | PPI (-) (n = 442) | PPI (+) (n = 191) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male, n (%) | 364 (82.4) | 155 (81.2) | 0.736 |
Age, mean ± SD (years) | 61.88 ± 7.83 | 61.99 ± 6.88 | 0.978 |
Drink, yes, n (%) | 79 (17.9) | 38 (19.9) | 0.577 |
Smoke, yes, n (%) | 180 (40.7) | 82 (42.9) | 0.660 |
BMI, ≤ 18 kg/m2, n (%) | 22 (5.0) | 22 (11.5) | 0.006 |
Lung diseases, yes, n (%) | 39 (8.8) | 28 (14.7) | 0.034 |
Diabetes, yes, n (%) | 29 (6.6) | 6 (3.1) | 0.091 |
Hypertension, yes, n (%) | 79 (17.9) | 28 (14.7) | 0.357 |
CHD, yes, n (%) | 21 (4.8) | 6 (3.1) | 0.401 |
Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, yes, n (%) | 87 (19.7) | 39 (20.4) | 0.829 |
(FEV1/FVC)/prediction, n (%) | |||
< 70% | 12 (2.3) | 2 (1.8) | 0.132 |
70–80% | 20 (3.8) | 10 (8.9) | |
80–90% | 92 (17.7) | 21 (18.8) | |
≥ 90% | 397 (76.2) | 79 (70.5) | |
Hb, < 100 g/L, n (%) | 21 (4.8) | 6 (3.1) | 0.401 |
ALB, < 35 g/L, n (%) | 25 (5.7) | 4 (2.1) | 0.061 |
Neck incision, yes, n (%) | 233 (52.7) | 156 (81.7) | < 0.001 |
Approach to chest, n (%) | |||
Thoracoscopic | 284 (64.3) | 165 (86.4) | < 0.001 |
Transdiaphragmatic-hiatal | 138 (31.2) | 10 (5.2) | |
Open | 20 (4.5) | 16 (8.4) | |
Approach to abdomen, n (%) | |||
Laparoscopic | 32 (7.2) | 21 (11.0) | 0.121 |
Open | 410 (92.8) | 170 (89.0) | |
Ostomy, yes, n (%) | 214 (48.4) | 144 (75.4) | < 0.001 |
Nutrimental Vessel, yes, n (%) | 181 (41.0) | 126 (66.0) | < 0.001 |
Operation time, mean ± SD (min) | 273.71 ± 90.95 | 308.09 ± 89.38 | < 0.001 |
Blood loss, mean ± SD (g/L) | 234.66 ± 557.43 | 201.68 ± 239.81 | 0.432 |
Blood transfusion, yes, n (%) | 22 (5.0) | 9 (4.7) | 1 |
Site of tumor, n (%) | |||
Upper | 17 (3.8) | 15 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
Middle | 160 (36.2) | 101 (52.9) | |
Lower | 265 (60.0) | 75 (39.3) | |
Size of tumor, median [IQR](cm) | 4.00 [3.00, 5.38] | 4.00 [3.00, 5.00] | 0.262 |
Anastomotic methods, n (%) | |||
Hand-sewn closure | 105 (23.8) | 74 (38.7) | < 0.001 |
Instrumental anastomosis | 337 (76.2) | 117 (61.3) | |
Pathology type, n (%) | |||
Adenocarcinoma | 189 (42.8) | 27 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 230 (52.0) | 155 (81.2) | |
Others | 23 (5.2) | 9 (4.7) | |
TNM stage, n (%) | |||
I | 84 (19.0) | 43 (22.5) | 0.003 |
II | 129 (29.2) | 62 (32.5) | |
III | 135 (30.5) | 68 (35.6) | |
IV | 94 (21.3) | 18 (9.4) | |