Table 1 Summary of key studies on exercise therapy and cancer metastasis
From: Exercise therapy: an effective approach to mitigate the risk of cancer metastasis
Study | Cancer Type | Exercise Type | Outcome | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Betof et al. [106] | Breast cancer (mice) | Aerobic (treadmill) | ↓ Tumor growth & metastasis (↑ T-cell activity) | Exercise enhances immune function and reduces lung metastasis |
Hojman et al. [20] | Breast cancer (mice) | Aerobic (voluntary) | ↓ Metastatic burden (↑ NK-cell mobilization) | Exercise induces systemic immune activation in preclinical models |
Taaffe et al. [107] | Prostate cancer | Mixed (aerobic + RT) | No significant reduction in metastasis rates | Cancer type may influence exercise efficacy |
Pedersen et al. [44] | Melanoma (mice) | Aerobic (treadmill) | No reduction in metastatic progression | Exercise impact depends on tumor aggressiveness and biology |
Schmitz et al. [108] | Breast cancer | Moderate aerobic | ↑ Survival rates & ↓ recurrence risk | Clinical evidence supports moderate exercise benefits |
Courneya et al. [109] | Colorectal cancer | Aerobic (walking) | ↑ QoL, ↓ inflammatory markers | Exercise improves inflammatory and metabolic profiles in patients |